40天攻克大学英语四级·冲刺模拟五套题

of transportation   
    　　 B) they have learned how to process seawater for drinking   
    　　 C) their body temperature can vary considerably   
    　　 D) their shelters and clothing help them to adapt to the environment   
    　　Passage Three   
    　　Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.   
    　　One of the most widely discussed subjects these days is the energy crisis. Automobile drivers cannot get gasoline, homeowners may not get enough heating oil, factories are threatened by a fuel shortage.   
    　　The crisis has raised questions about the large oil companies and windfall（意外收获）profits. Critics of the oil industry charge that the major companies are getting richer because of the oil shortage. Shortage, of course, drives prices up. As oil prices rise, the critics say, the oil companies will make more and more money — windfall profits — without doing a thing to earn the extra cash.   
    　　“Windfall” profits are sudden unearned profits — profits made because of luck, or some special turn of events. The word itself tells what “windfall” means — something blown down by the wind, such as trees, or fruit blown from trees. But the word has taken on a special meaning. This meaning — getting something unearned — was first used in medieval（中世纪的）England. This is how it started: At that time much of the land was in the hands of a few barons（贵族）. The rest of the people, commoners, lived and worked on their vast estates（领地）. They planted the seed, cared for the farm animals and harvested the crops. Not all the land, however, was used for farming. Every land baron kept a large private forest for hunting deer and wild boar（野猪）. When hungry, the people sometimes would like kill the animals in the lords forest for food. And there were times when they might cut down trees for fuel. So, strong laws were passed to protect the forest and the animals. Violations were severely punished. But there was one way people could get wood from the forest. If they found trees blown down by the wind – “windfall” — they were free to take them for use as fuel in their homes. And that is the meaning that has come down to us — something gotten by luck or accident.   
    　　The poor common people of old England must often have prayed for a good strong wind. Critics today complain that the oil industry has also been praying for something just like it — some political or military storm that might produce a windfall — a rise in oil prices and profits. The oil companies deny that this is so. In congress, critics of the oil companies have proposed a tax on such profits. The debate on rising oil prices will go on for some time, and most likely we will hear more and more about windfall profits.   
    　　31. “Critics of the companies” in the last paragraph means .   
    　　 A) persons from the oil companies who are criticizing others   
    　　 B) persons criticizing the oil companies   
    　　 C) critical opinions from the oil companies   
    　　 D) critical opinions to the oil companies   
    　　32. Which of the following couldn’t the commoners do in the medieval English?   
    　　 A) Do farm work. B) Raise animals.   
    　　 C) Live on baron’s land. D) Kill animals for food.   
    　　33. Which word (s) should be stressed?   
    　　 A) `windfall profits B) windfall `profits   
    　　 C) `windfall `profits D) windfall profits   
    　　34. The author’s attitude towards the “windfall profits” made by the major oil companies seems to be ______.   
    　　 A) sympathetic B) objective C) indistinct D) critical   
    　　35. Which do you think would be the best title for the article?   
    　　 A) A Story in Medieval England. B) Energy Crisis.   
    　　 C) Windfall Profits. D) The Origin of Windfall.   
    　　Passage Four   
    　　Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.   
    　　The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to peoples desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers money. Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters with the message that there were fewer calories in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic, but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf.   
    　　On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumers real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of