Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an Address of Welcome. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.
学生会邀请了来自某大学的李教授作一个关于计算机人工智能的演讲。作为主持人，你在演讲前作一个开场白。请写一份简明的欢迎词。(1. 简明介绍演讲者;2. 计算机人工智能的作用;3. 表示欢迎等)
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.
For questions 1-7, mark
Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Landfills You have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, utensils and napkins into the trash can. You don’t think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You don’t have to think about that waste again, either. But maybe you have wondered, as you watch the trash truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up.
Americans generate trash at an Astonishing rate of four pounds per day per person; which translates to 600,000 tons per day or 210 million tons per year! This is almost twice as much trash per person as most other major countries. What happens to this trash? Some gets recycled (回收利用) or recovered and some is burned, but the majority is buried in landfills.
How Much Trash Is Generated? Of the 210 million tons of trash, or solid waste, generated in the United States annually, about 56 million tons, or 27 percent, is either recycled (glass, paper products, plastic, metals) or composted (做成堆肥) (yard waste). The remaining trash, which is mostly unrecyclable, is discarded.
How Is Trash Disposed of ? The trash production in the United States has almost tripled since 1960. This trash is handled in various ways. About 27 percent of the trash is recycled or composted, 16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfills. The amount of trash buried in landfills has doubled since 1960. The United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the major countries (United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, France and Japan) in landfill disposal. The United Kingdom ranks highest, burying about 90 percent of its solid waste in landfills.
What Is a Landfill?
There are two ways to bury trash:
n Dump—an open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals (rats, mice, birds). (This is most people’s idea of a landfill!)
n Landfill—carefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated from the surrounding environment (groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soil.
¨ Sanitary landfill—land fill that uses a clay liner to isolate the trash from the environment
¨ Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill—landfill that uses a synthetic (plastic) liner to isolate the trash from the environment
The purpose of a landfill is to bury the trash in such a way that it will be isolated from groundwater, will be kept dry and will not be in contact with air. Under these conditions, trash will not decompose (腐烂) much. A landfill is not like a compost pile, where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly.
Proposing the Landfill
For a landfill to be built, the operators have to make sure that they follow certain steps. In most parts of the world, there are regulations that govern where a landfill can be placed and how it can operate. The whole process begins with someone proposing the landfill. In the United States, taking care of trash and building landfills are local government responsibilities. Before a city or other authority can build a landfill, an environment impact
study must be done on the proposed site to determine:
n the area of land necessary for the landfill
n the composition of the underlying soil and bedrock
n the flow of surface water over the site
n the impact of the proposed landfill on the local environment and wildlife
n the historical value of the proposed site
Building the Landfill
Once the environmental impact study is complete, the permits are granted and the funds have been raised, then construction begins. First, access roads to the landfill site must be built if they do not already exist. There roads will be used by construction equipment, sanitation (环卫) services and the general public. After roads have been built, digging can begin. In the North Wake Country Landfill, the landfill began 10 feet below the road surface.
What Happens to Trash in a Landfill?
Trash put in a landfill will stay there for a very long time. Inside a landfill, there is little oxygen and little moisture. Under these conditions, trash does not break down very rapidly. In fact, when old landfills have been dug up or sampled, 40-year-old newspapers have been found with easily readable print. Landfills are not designed to break down trash, merely to bury it. When a landfill closes, the site, especially the groundwater, must be monitored and maintained for up to 30 years!
How Is a Landfill Operated?
A landfill, such as the North Wake County Landfill, must be open and available every day. Customers are typically municipalities and construction companies, although residents may also use the landfill. Near the entrance of the landfill is a recycling center where residents can drop off recyclable materials (aluminum cans, glass bottles, newspapers and paper products). This helps to reduce the amount of material in the landfill. Some of these materials are banned from landfills by law because they can be recycled. As customers enter the site, their trucks are weighed at the scale house. Customers are charged tipping fees for using the site. The tipping fees vary from $10 to $40 per ton. These fees are used to pay for operation costs. The North Wake County Landfill has an operating budget of approximately $4.5 million, and part of that comes from tipping fees.
Along the site, there are drop-off stations for materials that are not wanted or legally banned by the landfill. A multi-material drop-off station is used for tires, motor oil, lead-acid batteries. Some of these materials can be recycled.
In addition, there is a household hazardous waste drop-off station for chemicals (paints, pesticides, other chemicals) that are banned from the landfill. These chemicals are disposed of by private companies. Some paints can be recycled and some organic chemicals can be burned in furnaces or power plants.
Other structures alongside the landfill are the borrowed area that supplies the soil for the landfill, the runoff collection pond and methane (甲烷) station.
Landfills are complicated structures that, when properly designed and managed, serve an important purpose. In the future, new technologies called bioreactors will be used to speed the breakdown of trash in landfills and produce more methane.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答;8-10题在答题卡1上。
1. The passage gives a general description of the structure and use of a landfill.
2. Most of the trash that Americans generate ends up in landfills.
3. Compared with other major Industrialized countries, America buries a much higher percentage of its solid waste in landfills.
4. Landfills are like compost piles in that they speed up decomposition of the buried trash.
5. In most countries the selection of a landfill site is governed by rules and regulations.
6. In the United States the building of landfills is the job of both federal and local governments.
7. Hazardous wastes have to be treated before being dumped into landfills.
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section ,there is a passage with ten blanks .You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of ch0ices given in a word bank following the passage .Read the passage through carefully before making your choices .Each choice in bank is identified by a letter .Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center .You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
When Roberto Feliz came to the USA from the Dominican Republic, he knew only a few words of English .Education soon became a 47. “I couldn’t understand anything,” he said. He 48 from his teachers, came home in tears , and thought about dropping out.
Then Mrs. Malave , a bilingual educator, began to work with him while teaching him math and science in his 49 Spanish.“She helped me stay smart while teaching me English ,”he said .Given the chance to demonstrate his ability, he 50 confidence and began to succeed in school.
Today, he is a 51 doctor, runs his own clinic ,and works with several hospitals .Every day ,he uses the language and academic skills he 52 through bilingual education to treat his patients.
Roberto’s story is just one of 53 success stories. Research has shown that bilingual education is the most 54 way both to teach children English and ensure that they succeed academically. In Arizona and Texas, bilingual students 55 outperform their peers in monolingual programs. Calexico, Calif. , implemented bilingual education, and now has dropout rates that are less than half the state average and college 56 rates of more than 90%.In E1 Paso ,bilingual education programs have helped raise student scores from the lowest in Texas to among the highest in the nation.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A) wonder I)hid
B) acquired J)prominent
C) consistently K)decent
D) regained L)countless
E) nightmare M)recalled
F) native N)breakthrough
G) acceptance O)automatically
H) effective
Section B
Directions :There are 2passages in this section .Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statement. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C),D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Question 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
“Tear ’em apart!” “Kill the fool!” “Murder the referee(裁判) !”
These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made ,they may seem innocent enough. But let’s not kid ourselves .They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes have been written about the way word affect us. It has been shown that words having certain connotations (含义) may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I see the term “opponent” as one of those words .Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms.
The dictionary meaning of the term “opponent” is “adversary”; “enemy” “one who opposes your interests. ”Thus, when a player meets an opponent ,he or she may tend to every action no matter how gross ,may be considered justifiable. I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player’s request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough .The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed, “Are they wet enough now?”
In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences the such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent’s intentional and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior.
Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated (提升) the game to the level where it belongs, thereby setting an example to the rest of the sporting world. Replacing the term “opponent” with “associate” could be an ideal way to start.
The dictionary meaning of the term “associate” is “colleague” ;“friend” ;“companion.” Reflect a moment! You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term “associate” rather than “opponent”.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
57. Which of the following statements best expresses the author’s view?
A) The words people use can influence their behavior.
B) Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes.
C) Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences.
D) Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field.
58. Harsh words are spoken during games because the players_______.
A) are too eager to win
B) treat their rivals as enemies
C) are usually short-tempered and easily offended
D) cannot afford to be polite in fierce competitions
59. What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves?
A) He angrily hit the referee with a ball.
B) He refused to continue the game.
C) He claimed that referee was unfair.
D) He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt.
60. According to the passage, players in a game may______.
A) kick the ball across the court with force
B) lie down on the ground as an act of protest
C) deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their way
D) keep on screaming and shouting throughout the game
61. The author hopes to have the current situation un sports improved by ________.
A) regulating the relationship between players and referees
B) calling on players to use clean language in the court
C) raising the referee’s sense of responsibility
D) changing the attitude of players on the sports field
Part V Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
For the past two years, I have been working on students’ evaluation of classroom teaching. I have kept a record of informal conversations __67__ some 300 students from at __68__ twenty-one colleges and universities. The students were generally __69__ and direct in their comments __70__ how course work could be better __71__. Most of their remarks were kindly ___72___ — with tolerance rather than bitterness—and frequently were softened by the __73__ that the students were speaking __74__ some, not all, instructors. Nevertheless, __75__ the following suggestions and comments indicate, students feel __76__ with things-as-they-are in the classroom.
Professors should be __77__ from reading lecture notes. “It makes their __78__ monotonous(单调的).”
If they are going to read, why not __79__ out copies of the lecture? Then we __80__ need to go to class. Professors should __81__ repeating in lectures material that is in the text-book. “__82__ we’ve read the material, we want to __83__ it or hear it elaborated on, __84__ repeated.” “A lot of students hate to buy a __85__ text that the professor has written __86__ to have his lectures repeat it.”
67. A) involving B) counting C) covering D) figuring
68. A) best B) least C) length D) large
69. A) reserved B) hard-working C) polite D) frank
70. A) over B) at C) on D) of
71. A) presented B) submitted C) described D) written
72. A) received B) addressed C) made D) taken
73. A) occasion B) truth C) case D) fact
74. A) on B) about C) at D) with
75. A) though B) whether C) as D) if
76. A) dissatisfied B) unsatisfactory C) satisfied D) satisfactory
77. A) interfered B) interrupted C) discouraged D) disturbed
78. A) voices B) sounds C) pronunciation D) gestures
79. A) hold B) leave C) drop D) give
80. A) couldn’t B) wouldn’t C) mustn’t D) shouldn’t
81. A) refuse B) prohibit C) prevent D) avoid
82. A) Once B) Until C) However D) Unless
83. A) remember B) argue C) discuss D) keep
84. A) yet B) not C) and D) or
85. A) desired B) revised C) required D) deserved
86. A) about B) how C) but D) only
Part VI Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
87. In fact, Peter would rather have left for San Francisco ________________________(而不愿待着纽约).
88. I suggested he ____________________ (适应新环境) as soon as possible.
89. A good many proposals were raised by the delegates, __________________________(正如预料的一样).
90. ____________________________(即使计算是正确的), scientists can .never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately.
91. If you don’t like to swim, ____________________ (你不妨待在家里).
Part I Writing
Address of Welcome
It is a great honor that professor Li is here to give us a lecture on computer science. Mr. Li is a prominent professor of Jiaotong University. He has been engaged in AI research for many years and has achieved a great success in this area.
Computer is one of the greatest inventions in the 20th century. Since it came into being, the computer science, especially AI has developed rapidly and has changed our world radically. Due to its ability to think, memorize and with its amazing calculating speed, the computer is put to wide use in industry, agriculture, business, education and tourism. It is now widely believed that a person who has no computer literacy is like illiteracy in the past.
Today, we are very happy to have invited professor Li to deliver a speech on the future development of AI. I am sure his lecture will benefit all of us. Now let’s give him a big clap.
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
1. Y 2. N 3. Y 4. Y 5. NG 6. N 7. N
8. their independence career decision
9. funds and equipment
10. a vocational scholarship system
Part III Listening Comprehension
11~15 ABDDB 16~20 AABCB 21~25 CBCAD 26~30 CBADB 31~35 DDBBC
36. reflects 37. particular 38. characteristic 39. elections 40. political
41. support 42. especially 43. represent
44. is supposed to be the party which represents property owners, businessmen and the self-employed
45. enjoy a better standard of living and are suspicious of any change which might affect them
46. Middle-class and working-class men can stand together at a football match and be the best of friends
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
47. N 48. E 49. O 50. A 51. M 52. L 53. J 54. I 55. G 56. B
57~61 DBCBD 62~66 DBDAC
Part V Cloze
67~71 ABDCA 72~76 CDBBA 77~81 CADBD 82~86 ACBCD
Part VI Translation
87. than stayed in New York
88. should adapt himself to new environment
89. as was to be expected
90. Even if the calculation is right
91.may as well stay at home
